Αγγλικά (Γ Γυμνασίου): Ηλεκτρονικό Βιβλίο

UNIT 10

Food for thought!

Topic	Natural phenomena
	Grammar	Using Modal Verbs referring to past time (Perfect simple and continuous)
	Reading Skills	Looking for implied information Reading for detail
	Listening Skills	Listening for sequence of events
	Writing Skills	Writing about an imaginary situation
	Functions	Degrees of possibility and probability; deduction
	Vocabulary	Natural disasters; safety; stereotypes Natural phenomena, noun formation, similes
Strategies:	When I speak, I … can memorise phrases and expressions am not afraid to make a mistake can listen carefully to others try to use collocations and similes

Lesson 1

AIMS

To use Modal verbs + have + past
participle to express deduction and
degrees of probability in the past.

Lead-in
Task 1

Look at each of the pictures 1-6 below and describe each one.

Task 2

In pairs, match the verbs must be, can't be, might

be with an adjective (dangerous, crazy, terrible,

frightening, scary, exciting) to make a statement

about each picture.

Task 3

What do you think might have happened in each of the pictures below?

Example: There might have been a volcanic eruption.

Which of the pictures above isn't about a natural phenomenon?

Task 4

Look at the pictures and say what you think might have been happening before

each catastrophe happened. Compare your answers with your partner.

Task 5

Write a statement about any of the pictures to say what the people should/

shouldn't or could/ couldn't have done.

.........................................................................................

Such things happen
all the time!

Grammar - Modal verbs

Task 1

A.	Read the following statements and underline the verb phrases which refer to a past time.

i) a) It might be a cart.	b) It might have come from Pompeii.
ii) a) It must be raining.	b) It must have been raining.
iii) a) It can't be dangerous.	b) It can't have been dangerous.

B.	Which sentence expresses more certainty? In what way are the sentences in ii) different in meaning from those in iii)?

Task 2

Look at the pictures and guess what they might be. Then say in which picture it might

have been raining? Compare your answers with your partner. Justify your answers.

Task 3

Read the following statements and decide which explanation best matches: A,

B, C or D. Then compare your answers with your partner.

It was 8 o'clock so people can't have been sleeping.
The fire must have started in the forest.
The sailors should have checked the doors.
It might have happened in London.

it is very likely
it is almost 100% unlikely
it is almost 100% sure
it was very necessary

Task 4

A.	Complete the rule for forming the Modal verb in the past.

B.	Complete the description of use of the modal verbs must have and can't have.

i) To form a Modal verb to refer to a past situation, add
…………………. + the …………………. participle of the verb.
ii) To form a Modal verb to refer to a continuous past situation,
add …………………. + …………………. + verb (-ing).

We use ……………… when we are almost sure something did happen
We use ……………… when we are almost sure something didn't happen.

Task 5

In pairs complete the following statements using the grammar

forms above. Then compare your answers.

The captain was asleep in his cabin when the ship hit the rock.
He………………………………………………
It was in the middle of the night when the volcano erupted that night.The people
……………………………………………………

Lesson 1

Reading - Task 1

What do you know about

the lost world of Atlantis?

Which of the visuals might be

Atlantis? Why? Read the short

text below to check your answers.

Atlantis
Around 350BC Plato described Atlantis as a place that must have been very beautiful. There were

palaces, harbours, temples and docks. There were spectacular buildings, fountains that had both hot

and cold water, stone walls covered with precious metals and huge statues made of gold. The capital

city was built on a hill and surrounded by rings of water, which were joined by tunnels large enough

for a ship to sail through. A huge canal connected the outer rings of water to the ocean. On the

outskirts of the capital city there were vast fields where farmers grew the city's food. The people had

no warning and the city disappeared in a day and a night!

Adapted from: http://www.kidzworld.com/article/960-history-the-lost-city-of-atlantis

Task 2

Read the short text and then write two

statements about what you think life

must have been like on Atlantis:

Task 3

Write answers to the following questions:

in the building
in the harbour
in tunnels
in the fields

i) What do you think could have caused Atlantis to disappear?
______________________________________________________________

ii) What do you think might have happened to Atlantis?
______________________________________________________________

Reading 1

Read the title of the text and look at the picture of Pompeii in a above. What

might ‘THE UNWELCOME NEIGBOUR’ refer to?

‘An Unwelcome Neighbour'
After many centuries of quiet, Vesuvius awoke at around noon on 24th August AD 79. At different times during
the previous months there were usual signs of the forthcoming eruption and so the locals must have known that
something terrible was going to happen. It is a scientific assumption that the first eruption must have happened
around 1 o'clock as the marketplace was full of dead bodies. Others think that the town's inhabitants may have
been expecting the danger but hadn't realised it would happen so quickly. From excavations of Pompeii and
evidence found, it is obvious that the people can't have made any preparations to protect themselves from the
flowing lava and burning ash. With some planning, many people could have escaped the inferno. The local
authorities should have had plans ready for the evacuation of the town but they didn't pay attention to the
danger. What is certain is that it all must have happened so quickly that 2,000 people couldn't have predicted
that day would turn into night in a matter of seconds.

Adapted from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/interior/Mt_Vesuvius_ad79.html&edu=high

Such things happen
all the time!

Task 1

i. Why do you think it is possible to say 'Vesuvius awoke'?
ii. Circle a verb phrase which shows a strong possibility.
iii. Find a verb phrase which shows that something is almost certain.
iv. Find a verb phrase which shows that something most likely didn't happen.
v. What signs do you imagine the people may have seen before the eruption?

Speaking & Writing

Task 2