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saddle (n) a leather seat that is used on the back of a horse or other animal to carry a rider
Example
it is difficult to ride a horse without a saddle.
safety (n) the condition of being protected from or out of danger
Example
Sue wears a helmet for safety when she rides her bike.
Synonym
protection, security
Antonym
danger, jeopardy, risk
salary (n) a fixed amount of money paid at regular times for the work a person has done
Example
His monthly salary is 1000 Euros.
Synonym
compensation pay, wage
samovar (n) a large metal container used, especially in Russia, to heat water for tea
Example
Samovars come in different body shapes.
sanctuary (n) a holy or sacred place
Example
The service will take place in the church sanctuary.
sand (n) small grains of ground rock found on beaches and in deserts
Example
The sand on the beach felt soft under my feet.
Word Family
sandy
sandy (adj) made of or like sand
Example
Many plants won't grow in sandy soil.
satisfy (v) to give what is wanted or needed
Example
The small snack didn't satisfy her.
Synonym
appease, content, please
Antonym
disappoint, frustrate
Word Family
satisfying, satisfied, satisfaction
Saturn (n) the second largest planet in the solar system and sixth in distance from the sun
Example
Saturn has nine rings, consisting mostly of ice particles.
sauerkraut (n) shredded cabbage that has been salted and allowed to ferment in its own juices
Example
Germans like sauerkraut.
sausage (n) a mixture of chopped meat and spices stuffed into a casing of animal intestine
Example
Barbecued sausages are delicious.
savour (v) to enjoy the taste or smell of
Example
He savoured every bite of the pie.
Synonym
relish
saying (n) a well-known statement, especially a proverb
Example
As the saying goes, "Don't count your chickens before they're hatched".
Synonym
expression, proverb
sayonara (n) (Japanese) good-bye; farewell
Example
"Sayonara" is the only Japanese word I know.
Synonym
adieu
scale (n) a set of notes played or sung in order, going up or down
Example
The scale of G major.
scare (v) to frighten
Example
Your screams scared me.
Synonym
frighten, terrify
Antonym
calm
Word Family
scary
scatter (v) to throw around in different directions
Example
The farmer scattered grain for the chickens.
Synonym
spread
scene (n) the place where any event takes place
Example
They rushed to the scene of the accident.
Synonym
location
schedule (n) a plan of when certain actions or events will be carried out
Example
My mom made a schedule for when we have to do certain chores.
Synonym
program
scholarship (n) money given to students to help pay for their education
Example
Paula went to University of Michigan on a scholarship.
science fiction (n) stories about life in the future or in other parts of the universe
Example
Tom Cruise has played in many science fiction films.
scientist (n) a person who works in some branch of science
Example
Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature.
scope (n) the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc.
Example
I'm afraid this problem is beyond the scope of my talk.
Synonym
dimension, extent, size
scorching (adj) burning; very hot
Example
The health ministry advised people to remain indoors during the day to avoid the scorching heat.
score (v) to get points in a game or test
Example
He has scored 12 goals so far this season.
Word Family
scorer
scream (n) a shrill, loud cry or sound
Example
She let out a scream when she saw the lion.
Synonym
shriek, squeal, yell
scream (v) to make a shrill, loud cry or sound
Example
The girl screamed in fear.
screen (n) a flat surface in a cinema, on a television or a computer system on which pictures or words are shown
Example
I bought a computer with an 19-inch screen.
Word Family
screening 
scribe (n) a person whose job is to copy letters, books, or other written materials by hand
Example
Much of what is known about ancient Egypt is due to the activities of its scribes.
script (n) a set of letters used for writing a particular language
Example
The text is written in Roman script.
Synonym
handwriting
Word Family
scripted
scroll (n) a roll of paper used to write or draw on
Example
Scientists examined the writing on the ancient scroll.
scuba diving (n) the act of swimming underwater while wearing special breathing equipment
Example
Scuba diving lessons are offered at extra cost.
Word Family
scuba diver 
sculpt (v) to make by carving or molding
Example
She sculpted a statue out of clay.
Synonym
carve
Word Family
sculpture, sculptor
sculptor (n) an artist who makes sculptures
Example
Henry Moore was a famous British sculptor.
Word Family
sculpture
seabed (n) the floor of an ocean or sea
Example
The seabed has been explored to some extent by scuba divers with special apparatuses.
seafood (n) any sea animal that is served as food
Example
There are very good recipes for seafood casserole.
seagull (n) a bird which lives near the sea and has short legs, long wings and white and grey feathers
Example
Last week we saw a flock of seagulls near the north coast of the island.
seal (n) a mammal with flippers instead of feet which spends most of its life in the ocean
Example
Various kinds of seals live in both warm and cold parts of the world's oceans.
seascape (n) a view of the ocean or a representation of it, such as a painting
Example
I have a collection of seascape pictures.
seat (v) to assist to sit; provide with a place to sit
Example
They seated the guests of honour first.
seaweed (n) a kind of alga that grows in salt water
Example
The high iodine content of seaweed can produce iodine toxicity if large amounts of seaweed are consumed.
secondary school (n) a school for children between the ages of 11 and 16 or 18
Example
Home economics is a secondary education course.
seed (n) the small part of a plant with flowers that grows into a new plant
Example
We planted seeds in the garden.
seek (v) to try to find; look for
Example
The dog was seeking the bone that he had left in the yard.
Synonym
hunt, look for, quest
Word Family
seeker
Seine (n) a river in northern France. It flows through Paris and into the English Channel.
Example
The average depth of the Seine is about nine and a half meters.
seize (v) to take hold of in a quick, forceful way; grab
Example
The police officer seized the man's weapon.
Synonym
capture, grab, snatch, take
Antonym
let go, release
Word Family
seizure
select (v) to choose; pick
Example
Please select the song you would like to play.
Synonym
choose
Word Family
selection, selector
semi-detached (adj) (of a house) joined to another house on one side but separate on the other
Example
My brother lives in a semi-detached house not far from here.
semicircle (n) one half of a circle
Example
We arranged the chairs in a semicircle.
Word Family
semicircular 
senior citizen (n) an older person, especially one who is past the age of sixty-five and retired
Example
Our community offers computer lessons for senior citizens.
sensational (adj) very exciting or extremely good
Example
We aren't fooled by sensational ads on TV.
Synonym
fantastic
Antonym
dull
Word Family
sensationally 
sensitive (adj) easily upset by the things people say or do
Example
He is very sensitive and cries easily.
Synonym
emotional
Antonym
insensitive
Word Family
sensitivity, sensitively
sensitize (v) to make or become sensitive
Example
The board aims to sensitize employers to the problems in the workplace.
Antonym
desensitize
Word Family
sensitization
sensory (adj) connected with the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing
Example
Dogs have very keen sensory perception.
Synonym
sensational
Word Family
sensorial
separate (adj) not connected or not attached
Example
I keep my shirts and pants in separate drawers.
Antonym
attached, connected
Word Family
separately
separately (adv) apart; not together; in a separate way
Example
My parents live separately.
servant (n) a person whose job is to clean another person's house, cook their food, or help them in other ways in their home
Example
The wealthy family had servants to clean and cook for them.
set (n) the scenery for a play or movie
Example
The set for our play included a castle with hills in the background.
Synonym
scenery
set off (v) to start a journey
Example
What time will we have to set off for our trip?
sew (v) to make or repair with a needle and thread
Example
George sewed up the hole in his sock.
Word Family
sewing
shake (v) to move from side to side with very quick, small motions
Example
She began to shake because she was too cold.
Synonym
shiver
Word Family
shaky, shaker
shaker (n) a container for blending beverages by shaking their ingredients together
Example
Barmen use a shaker to make cocktails.
shallow (adj) not deep
Example
We walked across the shallow stream.
Antonym
deep
shame (n) a painful feeling caused by knowing that you have done something wrong
Example
She felt shame after lying to her friend.
Antonym
pride, glory
Word Family
shameful, shameless
shape (n) the physical form of something made by the line around its outer edge
Example
Each slice of cheese has a square shape.
Synonym
figure, form, outline
Word Family
shaped
shape (v) to give a certain form or shape to; mold
Example
We shaped the clay into a pot.
Synonym
cast, model, mold
Word Family
shaped 
share (v) to receive, use, or enjoy together with one or more others
Example
All the guests shared the delicious meal.
shark (n) a large fish that has sharp teeth and a triangular fin on its back which can sometimes be seen above the water
Example
There are many movies about man-eating sharks.
sharp (adj) biting to the sense of taste or smell
Example
The sharp cheese brought tears to my eyes.
Synonym
spicy, strong
Antonym
mild
Word Family
sharply
sharpen (v) to make thinner or finer, as a cutting edge or point
Example
He sharpened the knife with a special stone.
Word Family
sharpener 
sheet (n) a thin, broad surface
Example
The parking lot was covered with a sheet of ice.
Synonym
layer
shine (v) to give off or reflect light
Example
The moon shone on our house.
Synonym
beam, gleam, glisten, glow
Word Family
shiny
shoot (v) to fire a bullet or an arrow, or to hit, injure or kill a person or animal by firing a bullet or arrow at them
Example
The hunter shot a deer.
Word Family
shooter
shopkeeper (n) a person who manages or owns a shop
Example
He spent 10 years as a village shopkeeper, so he knows the territory.
Synonym
merchant
shore (n) the land beside an ocean, sea, lake, or river
Example
We collected seashells along the shore.
shot put (n) a sports event in which a heavy metal ball is thrown as far as possible
Example
He had broken the world record in the shot put.
Word Family
shot-putter 
shout (v) to call out loudly; yell
Example
He shouted to his friend across the street.
Synonym
cry, yell
Antonym
whisper
Word Family
shouter
shower (n) a fall of rain that lasts a short time
Example
The shower lasted only a few minutes.
Synonym
sprinkle
Word Family
showery
shy (adj) quiet and not comfortable with other people
Example
The shy child did not talk to anyone in her class.
Synonym
reserved, timid
Antonym
confident, bold
Word Family
shyness, shyly
Sicily (n) a large island that is part of Italy and is at its southern tip
Example
Sicily is in the South of Italy.
Word Family
Sicilian 
sigh (v) to breathe out with a long breath because of being sad, tired, or relieved
Example
The students sighed when the teacher gave them more homework.
sight (n) something which you see, especially something interesting
Example
So, Maria's showing you the sights of Athens, is she?
Synonym
spectacle
sign (n) a mark or symbol that stands for a word or thing
Example
The sign "+" stands for addition.
Synonym
symbol
signature (n) a person's written name, used to sign documents, letters, or checks
Example
Electronic signatures sent through the internet are accepted these days.
silk (n) a fine, soft, shiny fiber produced by certain insects
Example
The silkworm makes silk as it spins its cocoon.
Word Family
silklike 
similar (adj) being almost the same as something else
Example
Lee's handwriting is similar to mine.
Synonym
alike
Antonym
different, distinct, unlike
Word Family
similarly, similarity
simultaneously (adv) at the same time
Example
The monkeys jumped simultaneously and took the banana from our hands.
sincere (adj) real and true; not pretended
Example
The mayor took a sincere interest in the people and their problems.
Synonym
frank
Antonym
insincere, false
Word Family
sincerity, sincerely
sink (v) to fall slowly to a lower level
Example
We watched the rock sink in the pond.
Synonym
drop, set
Antonym
rise, uplift, float
Word Family
sinking, sinkable
site (n) a place where something is built, or where something happened
Example
The council haven't yet chosen the site for the new hospital.
Synonym
location
skate (n) a shoe with either a blade or a set of small wheels attached to the bottom
Example
I use a pair of ice skates in the winter and a pair of roller skates when there isn't any ice.
Word Family
skater, skating
sketch (n) a drawing or painting that was done in a hurry or without detail
Example
The artist made a sketch of the same bull several times to prepare for his greatest painting.
Synonym
draft, drawing
Word Family
sketcher
sketch (v) to make a simple drawing of something
Example
The art students were told to sketch the landscape.
Synonym
draw
skill (n) the power or ability to perform a task well, especially because of training or practice
Example
After taking this class, her writing skills have improved.
Word Family
skilful
skinny (adj) very thin; having little fat on the body
Example
He became quite skinny while he was ill.
Antonym
fat, plump
skip (v) to jump about from one thing to another, ignoring or leaving out important details
Example
The speaker skipped from one idea to the next in her speech.
Synonym
jump
skyscraper (n) a very tall building
Example
New York City has many skyscrapers.
slam (v) to shut with force and loud noise
Example
I slammed the door because I was furious.
Synonym
bang, clap
slanted (adj) sloping in one direction
Example
Yao is from China, he’s got slanted eyes.
Synonym
inclined, sloped
sledge (n) a heavy sled, drawn by horses or dogs, used to transport heavy loads over snow and ice
Example
Santa Claus travels on a sledge.
slice (n) a part or segment of anything
Example
She made a sandwich with two slices of bread.
Synonym
piece
slice (v) to divide into slices
Example
Will you slice the cake?
Synonym
cut
Word Family
sliceable 
slide (n) a large object that children climb and slide down as a game
Example
There are slides and swings in the playground.
Synonym
chute
slide (v) to move easily along a surface
Example
The children were sliding on the ice.
Synonym
coast, glide
Word Family
slidable 
slim (adj) thin in an attractive way
Example
The slim young man looked fit in his uniform.
Synonym
slender
Antonym
fat, plump
slip (v) to pass or put quickly or quietly
Example
Grandma slipped a five-euro note into my pocket.
Synonym
slide
Word Family
slippery
slipper (n) a small, flat shoe that we wear indoors and it is easy to put on and take off
Example
When I come home from work, I take off my boots and put on my slippers.
slurp (v) to make loud noises with the mouth while eating or drinking
Example
It is not polite to slurp.
smart (adj) clever; intelligent
Example
The smart boy taught himself how to read.
Synonym
bright, sharp, intelligent
Antonym
dull, dumb, stupid
Word Family
smartly
smog (n) air pollution, especially in cities, that is caused by a mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals
Example
Smog is a problem in many large cities.
Word Family
smoggy 
smooth (adj) not rough; even
Example
The carpenter worked on the floor until it had a smooth surface.
Synonym
even, flat, level
Antonym
coarse, jagged, rough, uneven
Word Family
smoothly, smoothness
snail (n) a small animal with a soft body and a round shell on its back
Example
There are around 90 species of snail in the British Isles.
snake (n) a long, narrow reptile that has scales but no legs
Example
Snakes are reptiles.
Synonym
serpent
snap (v) to cause to make a cracking noise
Example
Ms. Arnold snapped her fingers to get our attention.
Synonym
click, crack
snatch (v) to take quickly or suddenly; grab
Example
He snatched the book from my hands.
Synonym
grab, nab, pluck, seize, snap
sneeze (v) to let out a sudden, involuntary burst of air through the mouth and nose
Example
Cats make him sneeze. I think he's allergic to the fur.
Word Family
sneezy, sneezer
sniff (v) to take in short breaths of air through the nose that can be heard
Example
His cold made him sniff through the whole speech.
sociable (adj) comfortable and pleasant in social situations
Example
They are sociable people who enjoy having parties.
Synonym
friendly, outgoing, pleasant
Antonym
antisocial, unsociable
social worker (n) someone who is trained to help people who are poor, have family problems etc
Example
Social workers often visit families with problems.
socialize (v) to engage in social activities
Example
We often socialize with friends from the office.
Synonym
mingle
Word Family
socializing
society (n) a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done
Example
It is important for every society to agree on certain laws.
sofa (n) a comfortable seat with a back and arms made for two or more people
Example
Their living room has two comfortable sofas.
Synonym
couch
soft (adj) quiet or low in tone
Example
There was soft music playing as we ate dinner.
Synonym
low, quiet
Antonym
harsh, loud
Word Family
softly, softness 
software (n) programs that you use to make a computer do different things
Example
You need an anti virus software to keep your computer protected.
soil (n) the top layer of the earth's surface
Example
This soil is full of clay.
Synonym
earth, ground, land
solar panel (n) a panel of connected photovoltaic cells,using energy from the sun
Example
Solar panels are used to power houses.
soldier (n) a person who serves in the army and who is not an officer
Example
The soldiers guarded the entrance to the base.
Synonym
warrior
solid (adj) sturdy; strong
Example
The prosecution in this case has no solid evidence.
Synonym
firm, strong, sturdy
Antonym
flimsy, shaky
Word Family
solidly, solidness 
solution (n) an answer to or explanation of a problem
Example
Mary used multiplication to find the solution.
Synonym
answer, resolution
somewhat (adv) in some measure or degree; rather
Example
She is somewhat lazy.
Synonym
kind of
songwriter (n) one who composes the lyrics, the music, or both for songs
Example
She's the songwriter of many popular songs.
sonnet (n) a poem that has 14 lines and a particular pattern of rhyme
Example
It is said that the poet wrote love sonnets to this mysterious lady.
soot (n) a fine, black powder made during burning that collects in chimneys or is carried into the air in smoke
Example
His clothes were covered in soot after cleaning out the fireplace.
sophisticated (adj) having or showing a lot of knowledge or experience; not ignorant or simple
Example
This author writes for a sophisticated audience.
Synonym
worldly
Antonym
crude, primitive
Word Family
sophistication
soul (n) the spiritual part of a person which some people believe continues to exist in some form after their body has died, or the part of a person which is not physical and experiences deep feelings and emotions
Example
Some religions teach that a person's soul goes to heaven when they die.
Synonym
spirit
Antonym
body
sour (adj) having a tart or acid taste like lemon juice or vinegar
Example
These plums are a bit sour.
Synonym
acid, tart
Antonym
sweet
Word Family
sourness 
sour cream (n) a thick cream that has been soured by lactic acid, similar to yoghurt
Example
Sour cream is a traditional topping for baked potatoes.
source (n) the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something
Example
Not knowing Latin was the source of his problems with understanding scientific terms.
Synonym
cause, origin, root
Antonym
outcome
southernmost (adj) furthest towards the south of an area
Example
The southernmost point of Cyprus is the area of Akrotiri.
spake (v) old form of past simple of the verb to speak
Example
"Spake" is an archaic form used in poetry.
sparkle (v) to give off gas bubbles; bubble
Example
Our soda pop sparkled.
Synonym
bubble
Word Family
sparkling
spear (n) a weapon with a long wooden shaft and a sharp pointed tip
Example
Spears are thrown or thrust with the hand.
Word Family
spearer
specific (adj) certain and exact; particular
Example
The office is only open at specific times.
Synonym
certain, definite, exact
Antonym
general
Word Family
specifically
spectacle (n) an unusual or splendid sight or public show
Example
Yesterday's parade was a real spectacle.
Synonym
marvel, sight
Word Family
spectacular
spectacular (adj) of or having to do with a spectacle; splendid
Example
The fireworks were spectacular.
Synonym
impressive, marvellous
Word Family
spectacularly
spectator (n) a person who attends and watches a public show such as a sports event
Example
They won 4-0 in front of 40,000 cheering spectators.
speed (n) the act of moving rapidly or swiftly
Example
The bicycle picked up speed as he rode down the hill.
Synonym
quickness, velocity
Word Family
speeding
spicy (adj) made with or having strong spices
Example
She likes to cook and eat spicy food.
spider (n) any of various eight-legged invertebrates, that typically spin webs in which to nest and catch their prey
Example
I saw a spider in the garage.
spiky (adj) covered with spikes or having that appearance; long and sharp-pointed
Example
This plant has got spiky leaves.
spin (v) to cause to turn around and around, especially fast
Example
The boy was spinning a ball on his finger.
spirit (n) the meaning or intent of a thing
Example
The judge tried to stay true to the spirit of the law.
Synonym
aim, intent, purpose
splash (n) to move in water so that drops of it go in all directions
Example
At night I could hear the splash of waves.
Word Family
splasher
splash (v) to move in water so that drops of it go in all directions
Example
The baby enjoys splashing in the water.
sponsor (n) a person who takes responsibility for someone or something
Example
The sponsor for the school field trip counted the students on the bus.
Synonym
patron
Word Family
sponsorship
sportscaster (n) someone who describes a sports game as it is being broadcast on television
Example
The sportscaster described the foul scene.
spread (v) to scatter or distribute
Example
Please spread the news.
Synonym
circulate, disseminate, distribute
Antonym
suppress
spread over (v) to cover, reach or have an effect on a wider or increasing area
Example
The water spread over the enitre floor.
spring (n) a flow of water from the earth
Example
We stopped in the woods to drink water from a spring.
sprinkle (v) to drop or scatter in small bits
Example
I always sprinkle nuts on my ice cream.
squash (n) a game played between two or four people on a special closed playing area which involves hitting a small rubber ball against a wall
Example
The two friends have been playing squash for two hours.
squeal (n) a fairly long, loud, shrill sound or cry
Example
The squeal of tyres startled me.
squeeze (v) to press firmly together
Example
Cut the orange in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl.
Synonym
compress, pinch
Word Family
squeezer
squint (v) to partly close the eyelids
Example
We squinted in the sun.
squirm (v) to twist the body about; wriggle
Example
Nobody spoke for a few minutes and he squirmed in his chair with embarrassment.
Synonym
twist
Word Family
squirmy, squirmingly
squirt (v) to wet with liquid shot out in a thin jet or spray
Example
He squirted me with a water gun.
stable (adj) firmly fixed or not likely to move or change
Example
The table is not stable because one of its legs is too short.
Synonym
firm, secure, steady
Antonym
unstable
Word Family
stability
stage (n) a raised platform used for concerts, plays, talks, and other performances
Example
Madonna is a real performer on stage
Synonym
arena, platform
stale (adj) having lost its taste or moisture; not fresh
Example
We left the bread out while we were out, and now it's stale.
Antonym
fresh
stalk (n) a plant's main stem
Example
Some flowers grow on tall stalks.
Synonym
stem
stand tall (phr) to act in a proud and confident way
Example
For the first time, we have a boss who can stand tall in international gatherings.
star (v) to present in a main role in a film or play
Example
That TV show stars a new actor.
starter (n) something that you eat as the first part of a meal
Example
We had soup as a starter.
state (n) the condition of a person or thing
Example
The old house was in a bad state.
Synonym
condition
state (v) to say or write; express
Example
He stated his opinion.
Synonym
assert, declare, indicate, report
Antonym
imply
Word Family
statement
state of the art (n) something that is cutting edge and makes use of the latest technology
Example
An example of a state of the art television is one that has 3d technology.
statue (n) a piece of art that is made out of stone, metal, or other material
Example
There are some statues in front of the museum.
steady (adj) firmly fixed in position; stable
Example
The craftsman built a steady table.
Synonym
firm, solid, stable
Antonym
rocky, unstable, unsteady
Word Family
steadily 
steel (n) a hard, strong metal made by mixing iron and another metal
Example
Steel is used to make machines, cars, tools, and many other things.
step (n) the movement made by lifting one foot and putting it down in another place; motion used in walking
Example
He took a step toward the door.
Synonym
footstep, pace, walk
steppe (n) a broad, grass plain, especially the great plains in southeast Russia and southwest Asia
Example
Steppes are usually characterized by a semi-arid and continental climate.
steward (n) an employee who looks after people on an aircraft, boat, or train
Example
The steward showed us how to fasten our seat belt.
Word Family
stewardess 
stick (n) a long, thin piece of wood that you use when you are walking, playing hockey, etc.
Example
He accidentally hit his teammate with the hockey stick.
stick (v) to attach with tape, paste, glue, or other similar substance
Example
She stuck the pieces together with glue.
Synonym
attach, fasten, glue
sticky (adj) tending to stick to or hold on to something when touched
Example
Glue is sticky.
Word Family
stickily, stickiness
stiff (adj) not easy to bend
Example
This thick cardboard is really stiff.
Synonym
firm, inflexible, rigid
Antonym
flexible, limp, plastic
Word Family
stiffly,
still (adj) not moving
Example
The wind stopped and the trees became still.
Synonym
calm
Antonym
moving, loud, noisy
stimulate (v) to bring about to activity or action
Example
That book stimulated his interest in monsters.
Synonym
excite, thrill
Antonym
discourage
Word Family
stimulating, stimulation, stimulator
stir (v) to mix or move in a circle with a hand or object
Example
She stirred her coffee with a spoon.
storage (n) a place for storing goods
Example
Your things are safe in storage.
storey (n) one level of a building
Example
That building has ten storeys.
Synonym
floor
storm (n) a violent disturbance in the atmosphere, that brings rain, snow, wind, thunder, or lightning
Example
Storms generally lead to negative impacts to lives and property.
Synonym
tempest
Word Family
stormy, stormless
straight (adj) without a curve or bend
Example
He drew a straight line.
Synonym
direct
Antonym
bent, curved
straighten (v) to make or become straight
Example
The dentist wants to straighten my teeth.
Synonym
make straight
Antonym
bend, curve
strap (n) a thin, flat strip of material used to fasten or hold objects together or in position
Example
Straps often have a buckle at one end.
strategy (n) a method or plan of action that you intend to use for some purpose
Example
What is your strategy for winning the game?
Synonym
design, plan
Word Family
strategic
stratosphere (n) a layer of the earth's upper atmosphere
Example
The ozone loss rates in the upper stratosphere have increased.
straw (n) the dried stalks of plants such as oats, wheat, or rye that remain after the grain is removed
Example
Straw is usually gathered and stored in a straw bale.
stream (n) a moving line of liquid, gas, smoke, etc
Example
A stream of smoke was coming from the chimney.
Synonym
flow, river
strength (n) the state or condition of being strong
Example
He had no strength after his illness.
Synonym
force
Antonym
weakness
Word Family
strengthen
strike (v) to attack or make an attack upon
Example
The army struck the enemy lines.
Synonym
assault, attack, invade
striking (adj) very unusual or easily noticed, and therefore attracting a lot of attention
Example
There are striking similarities between the two cases.
Synonym
spectacular, dramatic, impressive
Antonym
indifferent, dull
stringed (adj) equipped or furnished with strings
Example
The cello is a stringed instrument.
Word Family
string
stroke (v) to touch or brush gently with the hand or a brush
Example
Don't be frightened, just give the horse a stroke.
Synonym
caress
structure (n) a thing that is made up of different parts that are connected in a particular way
Example
A human cell is a complicated structure.
Synonym
complex
struggle (n) a hard fight in which people try to achieve something that somebody else does not want them to have
Example
There was a struggle for independence between the Greeks and the Turks.
study (n) a branch of knowledge
Example
He wants to get into the study of marine biology.
Synonym
area, field, subject
stun (v) to shock or amaze
Example
The news of my cousin's death stunned me.
Synonym
amaze, shock
Word Family
stunning, stunned
sturdy (adj) very strong and solid
Example
Your sturdy shelves will hold the weight of these heavy books.
Synonym
solid, strong, tough
Antonym
frail, weak
Word Family
sturdily, sturdiness 
submarine (n) a sea vessel that can travel under water
Example
There is a submarine base near here.
substance (n) that of which something is made; matter
Example
The substance of my shirt is cotton.
subtitle (n) The words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said in another language 
Example
The Chinese film was shown with English subtitles.
suffer (v) to feel pain or to have a bad experience
Example
She suffers from headaches.
suffer from (v) to experience physical or mental pain
Example
She suffers from headaches.
suffix (n) a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word
Example
The suffix "less" in "hopeless" gives the meaning "without."
suggestion (n) expressing an idea or plan for someone to consider
Example
Any helpful suggestions would be welcome.
Synonym
proposal, recommendation
suitable (adj) correct for the situation or purpose
Example
I want to buy them a suitable gift for their new house.
Synonym
appropriate, proper, right
Antonym
unsuitable, unfitted
Word Family
suitability
sum (n) the number or amount that comes from adding two or more numbers
Example
The sum of ten and ten is twenty.
Synonym
amount, figure,
summarize (v) to describe briefly the main facts or ideas of something
Example
The report summarizes the main points of the argument.
Synonym
brief, sum up, synopsize
summertime (n) the season of summer
Example
Summertime is wonderful!
sunbathe (v) to sit or lie outside in the sun, especially in order to become brown
Example
You shouldn't sunbathe between 12 and 4 p.m. as you may get a sunburn.
Word Family
sunbathing
sunflower (n) a tall plant with large, yellow flowers whose seeds in the centre of the flower can be eaten
Example
I put sunflowers in the vase and they looked great.
sunrise (n) the time in the morning when the sun starts to rise in the sky
Example
I was awake at sunrise today.
Synonym
dawn
sunscreen (n) a cream or oil that you put into your skin to stop the sun from burning you
Example
You should always put on sunscreen in the sun.
superb (adj) of the finest kind or quality
Example
He is a superb musician.
Synonym
fantastic, marvelous, outstanding
Antonym
inferior, poor
Word Family
superbly
superlative (n) the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses the highest degree of comparison
Example
The words "best," "fastest," and "most beautiful" are superlatives.
supply (v) to provide
Example
The state supplied food to the homeless.
Synonym
deliver, provide
Word Family
supplier 
support (v) to provide enough for
Example
Parents support their families by working.
Synonym
provide for, take care of
Antonym
neglect
Word Family
supporting, supporter
suppose (v) to imagine or think of something as a possibility
Example
I suppose I could go to the movies if I could find a babysitter.
Synonym
believe, suspect, think
Word Family
supposed, supposition
surface (n) the outer or top part or layer of something
Example
There are many rocks on the surface of the moon.
Synonym
exterior, outside
Antonym
interior
surgeon (n) a medical doctor who does surgery
Example
Becoming a plastic surgeon is a long and challenging process.
surrealism (n) an artistic and literary movement of the twentieth century that uses dream imagery, and other unusual effects
Example
Max Ernst followed the cultural movement of surrealism.
Word Family
surrealistic, surrealistically, surrealist 
surroundings (n) all the things around you; environment
Example
They live in poor surroundings.
survey (n) an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions
Example
A recent survey showed that 58% of people did not know where their heart is.
Synonym
poll
survive (v) to continue to live after something very dangerous has happened
Example
The plane crashed, but many passengers survived.
Word Family
survivor, survival
survivor (n) a person who continues to live, despite nearly dying
Example
Many businesses are struggling to survive in today's economy.
sushi (n) a Japanese dish consisting of cold rice wrapped, especially in seaweed, around raw fish or vegetables
Example
Did you know that Sushi was an early form of fast food?
Swahili (n) an African language with some Arabic roots that is used in east Africa and parts of Zaire
Example
My cousin was born in Zaire and he speaks Swahili.
sweep (v) to clear the floor of dirt or dust
Example
The maid swept the floor with a broom.
Synonym
brush
Word Family
sweeping, sweeper
sweep away (v) eliminate completely and without a trace
Example
Floodwaters swept away a bus and a truck as they crossed a swollen river in southern Bolivia.
sword (n) a weapon which has a long pointed blade fixed on a handle and is used to cut or thrust
Example
King Arthur of Camelot had a very famous sword.
Word Family
swordless, swordlike 
symbolism (n) the practice of expressing things, as in art or literature, by means of symbols
Example
The obscure symbolism of her novel was also evident in her lifestyle.
symphony (n) a musical piece for an orchestra that has three or four movements
Example
We heard Beethoven's symphony in the concert.
Word Family
symphonic
syntax (n) the study of the way sentences are formed, and how the words go together
Example
In English class we are studying syntax.